History - Rulers of British India (Part - 2)

Lord Cornwalis (1786-93)

1. Sanskrit College, Benaras, was founded by Jonathan Duncan in 1791.

2. New Police System was introduced through Regulation of 1791.

3. The Permanent Settlement was introduced in 1793. The land revenue rates were initially fixed on the basis of the actual collections for 1790-91. The revenue was fixed for first 10 years, but was declared permanent in 1793. The system is also called Zamindari system because it was favourable for the Zamindars (land lords).

4. The district Faujdari Adalats presided over by India Judges abolished and in their place four circuit courts were established presided by European covenanted servants. The Sadr Nizamat Adalat was also replaced.

5. Cornwallis code, based on separation of powers, was introduced. The basic principle was the separation of revenue administration from the judicial administration.
He is known as the Father of civil services in India. The Collector was divested of judicial and magisterial powers, he became only the head of revenue administration. The posts of district judges were created to look after judicial administration.

6. Third Anglo Mysore war, defeated Tipu Sultan and Treaty of Seringapatnam (1792)

Sir John Shore (1793-1798)

1. Battle of Kharda was fought between Nizam and Marathas in 1795. Nizam was defeated.

2. He was the architect of the Permanent Settlement under Cornwallis.

3. The 1st Charter Act of 1793 was introduced.

Lord Wellesley (1798-1805)

1. Described himself as Bengal Tiger.

2. Created the Madras presidency after the annexation of the kingdoms of Tanjore and Carnatic.

3. Introduced the system of Subsidiary Alliance in 1798.

4. The states that signed the alliance were - Hydrabad (first to sign) in 1798 and then Mysore, Tanjore, Awadh, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Mecheri, Bundi, Bharatpur, Berar.

5. Fourth Anglo Mysore War and death of Tipu Sultan in 1799. The Woddayar Dynasty, who Hyder Ali had deposed, was restored to the throne of Mysore.

6. Signed Treaty of Bassein with the Peshwa in 1802.

7. Fought Second Anglo-Maratha war in which the Scindhia, Bhonsle and Holkar were defeated.

8. Lord Lake captured Delhi and Agra and the Mughal emperor was put under Company’s protection.

9. Raja Ram Mohan Roy wrote the Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhiddin.

10. The first major rebellion in India by the native people against the British rule in India began in southern Kerala under Veluthambi, the Dalawa (diwan or Prime Minister) of Travancore in southern Kerala(1805).

11. The Fort William College in Calcutta in 1800 to train the English Civil Servants on the affairs of India.

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