Lord Elgin (1862-63)
1.
Suppressed the Wahabi Movement, a Pan- Islamic Movement.
Lord John Lawrence (1864-69)
1.
Famine Commission was constituted. Expanded canal works and railways. Advocated
state-managed railways.
2.
Followed a policy of rigid non-interference in Afghanistan called the ‘policy
of masterly inactivity’.
3.
Set up High Courts in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras (1865).
4.
Opened telegraphic communication with Europe.
5.
Created the Forests Department.
6.
Re-organised the Native Judicial Service.
7.
Passed the Punjab Tenancy Act
Lord Mayo (1869-72)
1.
Mayo’s Resolution of 1870 started the financial decentralization in India.
2.
He established the Statistical Survey of India as well as the Department of
Agriculture and Commerce.
3.
For the political training of Indian Princes, the Rajkot College in Kathiawar
and the Mayo College at Ajmer were opened
4.
Mayo was the only Viceroy to be murdered in office. He was murdered in 1872 by
a convict in Andamans.
Lord Northbrook (1872-76)
1.
Prince of Wales (Edward VII) visited India in 1875.
2.
Gaikwad of Baroda was tried.
3.
Kuka movement in Punjab became violent.
4.
Northbrook resigned over the Afghan issue.
Lord Lytton (1876-80)
1.
Appointed by the government of Benjamin Disraeli in England.
2.
Passing of the Royal Title Act of 1876 and the assumption of the title -
Empress of India (Qaiser-i-hind) by Queen Victoria.
3.
Holding of Delhi Durbar in 1877, to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of
assumption of the throne by Queen Victoria.It inspired the development of
nationalistic feelings amongst the educated middle class in India because the
expensive Durbar was held at a time when the country was suffering from a
severe famine.
4.
The Ramosi uprisings led by Vaudev Balwant Phadke in Maharashtra (1877-87)
began. It was mainly caused by the failure of the government to take up
anti-famine measures.
5.
Passing of the Vernacular Press Act of 1878. It empowered a magistrate to call
upon the printer and publisher of any newspaper published in an Indian language
to enter into an undertaking not to publish any news which would create
antipathy against the government.
6.
Passing of the Arms Act of 1878. It made it mandatory for the Indians to
acquire license for arms.
7.
Lowering of the maximum age from 21 years to 19 years for the civil services
examination, an attempt to prevent Indians from entering civil services.
8.
Lytton also proposed Statutory Civil Services. It enabled the government to
fill 1/6 of the vacancies by nomination from among the members of Indian
aristocratic families. He also evolved a scholarship scheme for the selected
candidates in 1878.
9.
Appointment of first Famine Commission under Sir Richard Strachey.
10.
Policy of masterly inactivity towards Afghanistan was re-placed by forward
policy. Second Anglo-Afghan war (1878-80). The Treaty of Gandamak was concluded
in 1879. But the English victory proved to be short lived. The British Resident
in Kabul was murdered. The opposition of the local tribes grew stronger.
Lytton’s Afghan policy was an utter failure.
11.
The famine of 1876-78.
12.
Resigned in 1880 when Disraeli’s Conservative Party was defeated in Britain by
Gladston’s Liberal Party.
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
0 comments:
Post a Comment