History - Rulers of British India (Part - 8)

Lord Minto II (1905-10)

1. S. P. Sinha was appointed a member of Governor General’s council. He was the first Indian to be appointed to this post.

2. In 1906 Arundale Committee on political reforms submitted its report.

3. Government of India Act of 1909 incorporating Morley - Minto reforms. The system of representation to minorities and depressed classes in the Central Legislature was introduced.

4. Muslim League formed in 1906 in Dacca.

5. Swadeshi Movement became strong.

6. Surat session and split in INC (1907).

7. Newspapers Act, 1908.

Lord Hardinge II (1910-16)

1. Coronation Durbar in 1911 at Delhi in honour of king George V.

2. Annulment of the partition of Bengal in 1911.

3. A separate state of Bihar and Orissa was created in 1911.

4. A bomb was thrown as he was entering Delhi at Chandini Chowk.

5. Capital shifted to Delhi in 1912 from Calcutta.

6. 1912, The Royal Commission under Islington was appointed to look into the Civil Services reforms. It accepted the demand for simultaneous exams in India and England for ICS. It also suggested 33% reservation for Indians in the ICS. The recommendations of this commission were implemented though the Govt of India Act of 1919. (In order to appease the Indians during the First World War, Lord Montague, the Secretary of State for India, declared the intention to throw open the ICS fully to Indians.)

7. Kamagata Maru incident.

8. Hiindu Mahasabha established by Madan Mohan Malviya in 1915

9. Saddler committee on universities appointed in 1916.

10. BHU was founded.

11. Practice of human sacrifice by Khonds abolished.

12. Tilak founded Home Rule League (1916).

Lord Chelmsford (1916-21)

1. Foundation of Women’s University of Poona.

2. Lucknow Pact (1916) between the Congress and the Muslim League.

3. Chamber of Prince established in 1921.

4. Home Rule League formed by Annie Besant.

5. Rowlatt Committee submits its report and Rowlatt Act passed in 1919.

6. Emergence of Gandhi into the national leadership, with the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917.

7. Declared in 1917 that the ultimate aim of British rule in India is the establishment of 'self-government' in the country.

8. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, 13th April, 1919. Hunter commission on Punjab wrongs.

9. Montagu-Chelmsford reforms through Government of India Act, 1919. Dual system of government known as ‘Dyarchy’ was established in the Provinces, with some powers devolved to the elected members of the Legislatures. The powers of the government were divided into two: “Transferred List” and “Reserved List”. Those items included in the Transferred List were handed over to the elected representatives, while the items in the Reserved List remained under the control of the Governors. The Act is named after Lord Chelmsford & Lord Montague, the Secretary of State for India.

10. S. B. Sinha became Governor of Bihar. He was the first Indian to become a governor.

11. Third Afghan war started.

12. Aligarh Muslim University was founded in 1920.

13. Beginning of the Non - Co - operation Movement and the Khilafat Movement in 1920.

14. The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed in 1920.

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